Mikul Rai Spring 2026  /  The Claw  /  v0
Spring 2026 · 3-week build

The Claw v0

A fully 3D-printed bionic hand, designed to print as a single PLA part and assemble with almost nothing else.

100% PLA < $10 to print Antagonistic double-loop tendons Single-part print Open source on GitHub
The Claw, the finished 3D-printed bionic hand, mounted on its servo base
The finished hand on its servo base
Demonstration

It moves.

Servos pull the tendons routed through the palm and holder, curling the fingers.

Antagonistic double-loop tendon drive allows smooth motion without elastic.

01 / Motivation

I wanted to build something that I deeply care about, and for me that has always been a bionic hand.

Ever since I was little I have been fascinated by bionic hands, and working on one has long been a goal of mine. This class felt like the perfect chance to make that real, so I set out to design the most advanced hand I could in just three weeks: cheap to make, the easiest possible to assemble, a single part printed entirely in PLA. I couldn't find anything like it online, so I wanted to build it and contribute it back to the community.

02 / Inspiration

Standing on the shoulders of makers

Tendon-driven bionic arm reference build
Articulated robotic hand reference

Existing tendon-driven hands and open-source builds shaped the mechanical approach, and anatomical references guided how the palm and finger geometry should be designed.

03 / Concept sketches & diagrams

Thinking on paper first

Concept sketches of finger joints, motion and tendon routing
Diagrams working through moment arms for the tendons
04 / Prototypes

Roughly twenty five arms failed to get here

Printing a fully assembled hand in a single pass means any one failure costs the whole print. Each iteration retired one bad idea, and a wrong print orientation alone could wreck the surface quality.

Assembled printed finger with refined joints
Print orientation prototyping: printing it on side makes finish poor and joints weak
Blue PETG snap-fit test part
Snap-fit joints in PETG. Too brittle, with high friction and a loose, wiggling fit.
Palm shaped with an internal tendon mesh
Screw in fingers to modularize: Too brittle
Printed finger segments
Less layer height and thicker joints. Much smoother movement and steady joints with less failure
Base plate for the motor screws
Build-plate width for the motor screws. 0.5 mm turned out to be ideal.
Snap-fit motor platform
A snap-fit motor platform. The first row of tendons kept interrupting the second.
05 / CAD

Designing the hand & the holder

Over 50 hours of CAD. The finger's three segments share a joint but vary in thickness and draft, and tendon tubes sit at different distances from center to tune each moment arm. The palm borrows a real human-hand mesh to size and shape itself, and a ball-socket thumb pivots on every axis.

Parametric CAD sketch of a finger joint with angles
CAD render of the three finger segments
CAD hand built on a human-hand mesh
CAD render of the servo holder
Explore the parts in 3D
Drag to rotate · scroll to zoom
Loading model…
Palm
PALM v5 · integrates fingers, thumb & tendon guides
Loading model…
Motor holder
Holder v6 · routes tendons through a 90° turn
06 / Static simulation

Stress, one segment at a time

FEA stress simulation of a joint segment
FEA displacement simulation result

The results were most useful at the single-segment level, and harder to generalize across every joint of the assembly.

07 / Slicing

Supports, skirts & orientation

Slicer view of the hand with support structures
Slicer view of a base-plate layer

Dialing in bed heating, supports, skirts and brims was where most of the printing knowledge was earned.

08 / Intended vs. actual

How it actually performed

Achieved

Hit the core goals: the full print cost under $10 and delivered the degrees of freedom I was after.

Harder than expected

Driving tendons with servos was painful to wire, and repeated use still lets tendons escape the pulley grooves.

Fell short

Couldn't generate enough torque to hold heavy or complex objects like a full water bottle. Tendons should have routed through bowden tubes.

09 / Clever designs

Two details I'm proud of

Ball-socket thumb joint with a rotation-limiting protrusion

A protrusion that tames the ball socket

The thumb pivots on a ball-socket joint like a real bionic thumb, and a small protrusion restricts its rotation to a usable range.

CAD hand sized from a real human-hand mesh

A human hand as the master model

Using a real hand's mesh cleanly sized, shaped and attached the palm, letting anatomy do the proportioning work.

10 / By the numbers

What three weeks cost

Design time
50h+CAD
10 to 15hInspiration
3 to 4hSketching
Print time
200h+Prototypes, with roughly 25 failed arms
18hThe final print
Budget
$10PLA for the main print
$50Servos, Arduino, power & tendons
Reflections

I learned more than in any other hardware class or project, getting deep into bed heating, supports, skirts, brims and material settings to land the details.

A project of many moving parts means many things can fail, and when it all prints in one go, any single failure means a full reprint.

I badly underestimated the time it would take; it demanded a lot, mentally and physically, while working nonstop.

I wanted to know if I could build something advanced in under three weeks, and I'm deeply grateful for the support and lessons that made it possible.